How Do Offshore Wind Farms Affect the Ocean?

Abstract

Wind has been used for centuries as a powerful source of energy. Today, it holds a central place in clean, renewable electricity production. Giant wind turbines are being installed in the ocean to harness the wind and generate more energy. Numbers of these turbines are growing worldwide, especially in Chinese and European seas. However, wind turbines can affect the environment by changing the conditions of the ocean and atmosphere. These changes have consequences for ocean life, which are not yet well understood. In this article, we explain some effects of offshore wind turbines on the marine environment. We show how wind turbines slow down the wind and disturb the seawater and the associated marine life. We also discuss why it is important that scientists work together with companies and policymakers to find ways to reduce potential negative impacts and maximize positive ones.