Oil Pollution in Marine Ecosystems - Policy, Fate, Effects and Response

Abstract

According to the article 21 of the Stockholm Declaration, following the 1972 UN Conference, all states have the responsibility to ensure that activities within their jurisdiction do not cause pollution in other states or in areas outside national jurisdiction. However, ever since the first transatlantic tanker ships left their launch-ways in the late 19th century, oil pollution has been a permanent danger for marine ecosystems.