FerryBox and MERIS – Assessment of coastal and shelf sea ecosystems by combining in situ and remotely sensed data

Abstract

An automatic measuring system called “FerryBox” was installed on a ferry travelling between Germany (Cuxhaven) and Great Britain (Harwich) enabling on-line oceanographic and biological measurements such as salinity, temperature, fluorescence, turbidity, oxygen, pH, and nutrient concentrations. Observations made along the ferry transect reveal characteristic phenomena such as high salinity inflow through the Channel into the southern Bight, algal bloom dynamics and related oxygen and pH changes. Combination of these on-line observations with remote sensing enhances the spatial resolution of the transect related measurements. Several examples of the synergy between both operational measuring strategies are shown, both for large scale algal blooms in the North Sea as well as for local intense but short term blooms in the German Bight. Coherence of the data sets can be gained and improved by using water transport models in order to obtain synoptic overviews of the remote sensed and FerryBox related parameters. Limitations of the currently used algorithms for deriving chlorophyll-a from remote sensing images for coastal and shelf seas (Case-2 water) are discussed, as well as depth related processes which can not be properly resolved on the basis of water intake at a fixed point. However, in mixed coastal waters under normal conditions FerryBox data represent average conditions. The importance of future applications of these combination of methods for monitoring of coastal waters is emphasized.