@misc{zorn_contactbiocide_tio2_2023, 
author={Zorn, E., Knaack, J.I.H., Burmeister, N., Scharnagl, N., Rohnke, M., Wicha, S.G., Maison, W.},
title={Contact-Biocide TiO2 Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Chemically Stable Phosphonate Initiators},
year={2023},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01366},
abstract = {Surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) is a powerful tool for grafting functional polymers from metal surfaces. It depends on the immobilization of suitable initiators on the surface before radical polymerization. Herein, we report a set of bifunctional initiators bearing a phosphonic acid group for surface binding and a bromoisobutyramide moiety for SI-ATRP. We have analyzed the impact of the connecting alkyl spacers on the grafting process of (vinylbenzyl)trimethylammonium chloride (VBTAC) from titanium as a base material. The thickness of the grafted polymer increased with the spacer length of the initiator. We obtained chemically stable polycationic surfaces with high charge densities of ∼1016 N+/cm2 leading to efficient contact activity of modified titanium coupons against S. aureus. Notably, SI-ATRP grafting was efficient with VBTAC as a styrene-derived ammonium compound. Thus, the reported protocol avoids post-grafting quaternization with toxic alkylating reagents.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01366} (DOI). Zorn, E.; Knaack, J.; Burmeister, N.; Scharnagl, N.; Rohnke, M.; Wicha, S.; Maison, W.: Contact-Biocide TiO2 Surfaces by Surface-Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization with Chemically Stable Phosphonate Initiators. Langmuir. 2023. vol. 39, no. 31, 11063-11072. DOI: doi.org/10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01366}}