@misc{riaz_tunable_pseudopiezoelectric_2021, 
author={Riaz, A., Witte, K., Bodnar, W., Seitz, H., Schell, N., Springer, A., Burkel, E.},
title={Tunable Pseudo-Piezoelectric Effect in Doped Calcium Titanate for Bone Tissue Engineering},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061495},
abstract = {CaTiO3 is a promising candidate as a pseudo-piezoelectric scaffold material for bone implantation. In this study, pure and magnesium/iron doped CaTiO3 are synthesized by sol-gel method and spark plasma sintering. Energy dispersive X-ray mapping confirm the homogenous distribution of doping elements in sintered samples. High-energy X-ray diffraction investigations reveal that doping of nanostructured CaTiO3 increased the strain and defects in the structure of CaTiO3 compared to the pure one. This led to a stronger pseudo-piezoelectric effect in the doped samples. The charge produced in magnesium doped CaTiO3 due to the direct piezoelectric effect is (2.9 ± 0.1) pC which was larger than the one produced in pure CaTiO3 (2.1 ± 0.3) pC, whereas the maximum charge was generated by iron doped CaTiO3 with (3.6 ± 0.2) pC. Therefore, the pseudo-piezoelectric behavior can be tuned by doping. This tuning of pseudo-piezoelectric response provides the possibility to systematically study the bone response using different piezoelectric strengths and possibly adjust for bone tissue engineering.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14061495} (DOI). Riaz, A.; Witte, K.; Bodnar, W.; Seitz, H.; Schell, N.; Springer, A.; Burkel, E.: Tunable Pseudo-Piezoelectric Effect in Doped Calcium Titanate for Bone Tissue Engineering. Materials. 2021. vol. 14, no. 6, 1495. DOI: 10.3390/ma14061495}}