@misc{brinker_giant_electrochemical_2020, 
author={Brinker, M., Dittrich, G., Richert, C., Lakner, P., Krekeler, T., Keller, T., Huber, N., Huber, P.},
title={Giant electrochemical actuation in a nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrid material},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1483},
abstract = {The absence of piezoelectricity in silicon makes direct electromechanical applications of this mainstream semiconductor impossible. Integrated electrical control of the silicon mechanics, however, would open up new perspectives for on-chip actuorics. Here, we combine wafer-scale nanoporosity in single-crystalline silicon with polymerization of an artificial muscle material inside pore space to synthesize a composite that shows macroscopic electrostrain in aqueous electrolyte. The voltage-strain coupling is three orders of magnitude larger than the best-performing ceramics in terms of piezoelectric actuation. We trace this huge electroactuation to the concerted action of 100 billions of nanopores per square centimeter cross section and to potential-dependent pressures of up to 150 atmospheres at the single-pore scale. The exceptionally small operation voltages (0.4 to 0.9 volts), along with the sustainable and biocompatible base materials, make this hybrid promising for bioactuator applications.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba1483} (DOI). Brinker, M.; Dittrich, G.; Richert, C.; Lakner, P.; Krekeler, T.; Keller, T.; Huber, N.; Huber, P.: Giant electrochemical actuation in a nanoporous silicon-polypyrrole hybrid material. Science Advances. 2020. vol. 6, no. 40, eaba1483. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba1483}}