@misc{ramacher_the_impact_2020, 
author={Ramacher, M., Tang, L., Moldanova, J., Matthias, V., Karl, M., Fridell, E., Johansson, L.},
title={The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040},
year={2020},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020},
abstract = {The simulated concentrations of NO2 and PM2.5 in future scenarios for the year 2040 are in general very low with up to 4 ppb for NO2 and up to 3.5 µg m−3 PM2.5 in the urban areas which are not close to the port area. From 2012 the simulated overall exposure to PM2.5 decreased by approximately 30 % in simulated future scenarios; for NO2 the decrease was over 60 %. The simulated concentrations of O3 increased from the year 2012 to 2040 by about 20 %. In general, the contributions of local shipping emissions in 2040 focus on the harbour area but to some extent also influence the rest of the city domain. The simulated impact of onshore electricity implementation for shipping in 2040 shows reductions for NO2 in the port of up to 30 %, while increasing O3 of up to 3 %. Implementation of onshore electricity for ships at berth leads to additional local reduction potentials of up to 3 % for PM2.5 and 12 % for SO2 in the port area. All future scenarios show substantial decreases in population-weighted exposure and health-effect impacts.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020} (DOI). Ramacher, M.; Tang, L.; Moldanova, J.; Matthias, V.; Karl, M.; Fridell, E.; Johansson, L.: The impact of ship emissions on air quality and human health in the Gothenburg area – Part II: Scenarios for 2040. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 2020. vol. 20, no. 17, 10667-10686. DOI: 10.5194/acp-20-10667-2020}}