%0 journal article
%@ 0921-5093
%A Brunbauer, S., Winter, G., Antretter, T., Staron, P., Ecker, W.

%D 2019
%J Materials Science and Engineering  A

%P 73-79 
%R doi:10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.037
%T Residual stress and microstructure evolution in steel tubes for different cooling conditions – Simulation and verification
%U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.037
 
%X A finite element modelling approach is applied to investigate the evolution of residual stresses, temperature and phase fraction during quenching of low-alloyed seamless steel tubes. Under real-process quenching conditions, non-continuous cooling occurs that results in a stopping and restarting transformation front throughout the tube's radial direction. It is shown that the simulated temperature history, transformation kinetics and the residual stresses from the thermo-mechanical model can be correlated with experimentally observed residual stresses and micro-hardness investigations of produced tubes. The effect of the discontinuous cooling was found to be negligible with respect to residual stresses for comparable conditions, but it can cause local self-annealing and micro-hardness drops. The combination of outer and inner cooling of the tube influences residual stress and micro-hardness distribution significantly.