@misc{karabil_contribution_of_2018, 
author={Karabil, S., Zorita, E., Huenicke, B.},
title={Contribution of atmospheric circulation to recent off-shore sea-level variations in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-69-2018},
abstract = {We investigated, and when possible quantified, the contribution of several physical mechanisms which may explain the link between the sea-level variability and the atmospheric pattern described by the BANOS-index. These mechanisms include the inverse barometer effect (IBE), fresh water balance, net energy flux and wind-induced water transport. We found that the most important mechanisms are the IBE in both wintertime and summertime. Assuming a complete equilibration of seasonal sea-level to the SLP gradients over this region, at seasonal time scales the IBE can explain up to 88 % of the sea-level variability attributed to the BANOS-index in wintertime and 34% in summertime. The net energy flux at the surface is found to be an important factor for the variation of sea-level, explaining 35 % of sea-level variance in wintertime and a very small amount in summer. The freshwater flux could only explain 27 % of the variability in summertime and a negligible part in winter. In contrast to the NAO, the direct wind forcing associated to the SLP BANOS pattern does not lead to transport of water from the North Sea into the Baltic Sea in wintertime. Keywords: off-shore sea-level, atmospheric factors, the Baltic Sea, the North Sea, statistical analysis.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.5194/esd-9-69-2018} (DOI). Karabil, S.; Zorita, E.; Huenicke, B.: Contribution of atmospheric circulation to recent off-shore sea-level variations in the Baltic Sea and the North Sea. Earth System Dynamics. 2018. vol. 9, no. 1, 69-90. DOI: 10.5194/esd-9-69-2018}}