%0 journal article
%@ 0029-8018
%A Ballini, F., Oelcer, A.I., Brandt, J., Neumann, D.

%D 2017
%J Ocean Engineering

%P 477-485 
%R doi:10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014
%T Health costs and economic impact of wind assisted ship propulsion
%U https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014
 
%X World seaborne transportation is crucial for world trade and global economic growth. Shipping has been increasing since 2009, including oil & gas, dry bulk and container freight, and is very likely to continue this trend in the near future. However, international shipping also produces 2.7% of the world's total CO2 emissions, and globally, air pollutants emitted from international shipping are increasing due to the rise in trade. It is a well-established fact that Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs) cause climate change and that air pollutants trigger a range of health issues for humans. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper will focus on a general assessment of the health-related externality of air pollution emitted from wind-assisted hybrid ship propulsion within two different emission reduction scenarios. The paper will further analyse the emission impact from both individual scenarios. A Chemical Transport Model (CTM) is used to estimate the realistic concentration of relevant air pollutants, and the Economic Valuation of Air-pollution Model (EVA) is applied to assessing the health-related economic externalities of air pollution.