@misc{ballini_health_costs_2017, 
author={Ballini, F., Oelcer, A.I., Brandt, J., Neumann, D.},
title={Health costs and economic impact of wind assisted ship propulsion},
year={2017},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014},
abstract = {World seaborne transportation is crucial for world trade and global economic growth. Shipping has been increasing since 2009, including oil & gas, dry bulk and container freight, and is very likely to continue this trend in the near future. However, international shipping also produces 2.7% of the world's total CO2 emissions, and globally, air pollutants emitted from international shipping are increasing due to the rise in trade. It is a well-established fact that Greenhouse Gasses (GHGs) cause climate change and that air pollutants trigger a range of health issues for humans. To demonstrate the applicability of the proposed framework, this paper will focus on a general assessment of the health-related externality of air pollution emitted from wind-assisted hybrid ship propulsion within two different emission reduction scenarios. The paper will further analyse the emission impact from both individual scenarios. A Chemical Transport Model (CTM) is used to estimate the realistic concentration of relevant air pollutants, and the Economic Valuation of Air-pollution Model (EVA) is applied to assessing the health-related economic externalities of air pollution.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014} (DOI). Ballini, F.; Oelcer, A.; Brandt, J.; Neumann, D.: Health costs and economic impact of wind assisted ship propulsion. Ocean Engineering. 2017. vol. 146, 477-485. DOI: 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.09.014}}