@misc{gao_intensive_and_2012, 
author={Gao, H., Matyka, M., Liu, B., Khalili, A., Kostka, J.E., Collins, G., Jansen, S., Holtappels, M., Jensen, M.M., Badewien, T.H., Beck, M., Grunwald, M., de Beer, D., Lavik, G., Kuypers, M.M.M.},
title={Intensive and extensive nitrogen loss from intertidal permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0185},
abstract = {Nitrogen (N) loss rates were determined in permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea using a combination of stable N isotope incubation experiments and model simulation approaches during three seasons. Three different incubation methods that employed the isotope pairing technique were used: intact core incubations simulating either (1) diffusive or (2) advective transport conditions and (3) slurry incubations. N loss rates from core incubations under simulated advective transport conditions exceeded those rates measured under diffusive transport conditions by 1-2 orders of magnitude, but were comparable to those observed in slurry incubations. N loss rates generally showed little seasonal and spatial variation (207 ± 30 µmol m-2 h-1) in autumn 2006 and spring and summer 2007. Utilizing an extensive time series of nutrient concentrations and current velocities obtained from a continuous monitoring station, nitrate and nitrite (i.e., NO−x) flux into the sediment was modeled over a full annual cycle. Fluxes were sufficient to support the experimentally derived N loss rates. Combining the measured rates with the modeled results, an annual N removal rate of 745 ± 109 mmol N m-;2 yr-1 was estimated for permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea. This rate agrees well with previous N loss estimates for the Wadden Sea based on N budget calculations. Permeable sediments, accounting for 58-70% of the continental shelf area, are an important N sink and their contribution to the global N loss budget should be reevaluated.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0185} (DOI). Gao, H.; Matyka, M.; Liu, B.; Khalili, A.; Kostka, J.; Collins, G.; Jansen, S.; Holtappels, M.; Jensen, M.; Badewien, T.; Beck, M.; Grunwald, M.; de Beer, D.; Lavik, G.; Kuypers, M.: Intensive and extensive nitrogen loss from intertidal permeable sediments of the Wadden Sea. Limnology and Oceanography. 2012. vol. 57, no. 1, 185-198. DOI: 10.4319/lo.2012.57.1.0185}}