@misc{pangalos_action_potentials_2011, 
author={Pangalos, M., Bintig, W., Schlingmann, B., Feyerabend, F., Witte, F., Begandt, D., Heisterkamp, A., Ngezahayo, A.},
title={Action potentials in primary osteoblasts and in the MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line},
year={2011},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-011-9354-7},
abstract = {Whole-cell patch-clamp analysis revealed a resting membrane potential of -60 mV in primary osteoblasts and in the MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. Depolarisation-induced action potentials were characterised by duration of 60 ms, a minimal peak-to-peak distance of 180 ms, a threshold value of -20 mV and a repolarisation between the spikes to -45 mV. Expressed channels were characterised by application of voltage pulses between -150 mV and 90 mV in 10 mV steps, from a holding potential of -40 mV. Voltages below -60 mV induced an inward current. Depolarising voltages above -30 mV evoked two currents: (i) a fast activated and inactivated inward current at voltages between -30 and 30 mV, and (ii) a delayed-activated outward current that was induced by voltages above -30 mV. Electrophysiological and pharmacological parameters indicated that hyperpolarisation activated strongly rectifying K+ (Kir) channels, whereas depolarisation activated tetrodotoxin sensitive voltage gated Na+ (Nav) channels as well as delayed, slowly activated, non-inactivating, and tetraethylammonium sensitive voltage gated K+ (Kv) channels. In addition, RT-PCR showed expression of Nav1.3, Nav1.4, Nav1.5, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, and Kir2.1, Kir2.3, and Kir2.4 as well as Kv2.1. We conclude that osteoblasts express channels that allow firing of action potentials.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s10863-011-9354-7} (DOI). Pangalos, M.; Bintig, W.; Schlingmann, B.; Feyerabend, F.; Witte, F.; Begandt, D.; Heisterkamp, A.; Ngezahayo, A.: Action potentials in primary osteoblasts and in the MG-63 osteoblast-like cell line. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes. 2011. vol. 43, no. 3, 311-322. DOI: 10.1007/s10863-011-9354-7}}