%0 book part
%@ 
%A Ebinghaus, R.,Grøsvik, B.,Hassellöv, I.,Moffat, C.,Simcock, A.,Sonesten, L.,Vlahos, P.,Achterberg, E.,Alo, B.,Andrade, C.,Bebianno, M.,Caetano, M.,Gnandi, K.,Hong, G.,Kim, S.,Lohmann, R.,Stankiewicz, M.,Wang, J.

%D 2021
%J The Second World Ocean Assessment
%N 
%P 101-150 

%T Chapter 11: Changes in liquid and atmospheric inputs to the marine environment from land (including through groundwater), ships and offshore installations
%U 
 
%X Chemical   production   has   continued   to   in-crease  and  change  since  2003.  The  potential  geographic  impact  of  the  chemical  industry  continued  to  change  from  the  Atlantic  Ocean  to   the    Pacific Ocean, where almost 70 per cent of the industry is expected to operate by 2030, while new products are continually being devel-oped, thus adding to the mixture of chemicals to which biota in the ocean is being exposed.Different  lists  of  hazardous  substances  have  been identified by   international organizations, although  there  is  still  no  agreed  single  global  list  of  substances  that  are  of  concern.  The  present  chapter  contains  an  assessment  of  the   changes since the   first    Assessment in  wa-ter and airborne inputs to the marine environ-ment from land (including groundwater), ships and   offshore   installations.   In   addition,   the   information in the present chapter builds upon the  assessment  of  the  list  of  hazardous  sub-stances used in   the    first     Assessment, namely, POPs,  metals,  hydrocarbons  and  radioactive  substances.  It  includes  new  information  on  rare  earth  elements,  PPCPs  and  airborne  in-puts of nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides that were not included in the first Assessment.