%0 journal article
%@ 2000-0669
%A Wallmeier, M.,Barbier, C.,Beckmann, F.,Brandberg, A.,Holmqvist, C.,Kulachenko, A.,Moosmann, J.,Östlund, S.,Pettersson, T.

%D 2021
%J Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal
%N 3
%P 491-502 
%R doi:10.1515/npprj-2020-0092
%T Phenomenological analysis of constrained in-plane compression of paperboard using micro-computed tomography Imaging
%U https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0092
3 
%X Large deformations under in-plane compression of paperboard appear in forming processes like hydroforming, pressforming and deep drawing, but the mechanisms of deformation have not been studied on a micromechanical level. A constrained in-plane compression test is presented. This test allows for in-plane compression, buckling, wrinkling and compaction. The constrained compression test is realized using a DEBEN CT-500 in-situ tester for laboratory microtomography and synchrotron microtomography. Experiments with five different materials spanning from laboratory handsheets to commercially available multi-layered paperboards are performed. Image processing is used to observe the local out-of-plane fiber orientation and compaction. A phenomenological investigation of the deformation behavior of these materials is presented. Delamination is found to be the primary mechanisms of failure in the multi-layered boards. Furthermore, a porous network structure, created by using long and minimally refined softwood fibers, is found to facilitate the formation of uniform wrinkles and compaction.