@misc{chung_in_situ_2024, 
author={Chung, W.S.,Hummel, M.,Spurk, C.,Häusler, A.,Olowinsky, A.,Häfner, C.,Beckmann, F.,Moosmann, J.},
title={In situ X-ray phase contrast imaging of the melt and vapor capillary behavior during the welding regime transition on aluminum with limited material thickness},
year={2024},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01616-1},
abstract = {The X-ray phase contrast imaging is a powerful method to understand the fundamental behavior of the melt and keyhole during the laser beam welding process. In this paper, the keyhole-induced vapor capillary formation in the melt pool is investigated by using an adjustable laser beam source. For this purpose, the aluminum A1050 specimen with a thickness of 0.5 mm is molten only with the heat conduction welding regime by using the ring-mode laser beam. Once the specimen is molten through, the core multi-mode laser beam is then applied to vaporize the melt and a transition to keyhole welding regime occurs. Therefore, the core multi-mode laser beam with an intensity value of 33.3 MW/cm2 is investigated. The correlation between the keyhole-induced vapor capillary and the melt behavior is further investigated in this paper which was recorded with a high sampling rate of 19 kHz. In addition, a theoretical calculation about the keyhole depth is discussed in this paper.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s40194-023-01616-1} (DOI). Chung, W.; Hummel, M.; Spurk, C.; Häusler, A.; Olowinsky, A.; Häfner, C.; Beckmann, F.; Moosmann, J.: In situ X-ray phase contrast imaging of the melt and vapor capillary behavior during the welding regime transition on aluminum with limited material thickness. Welding in the World. 2024. vol. 68, 43–50. DOI: 10.1007/s40194-023-01616-1}}