@misc{holzwarth_the_effect_2019, 
author={Holzwarth, I.,Weilbeer, H.,Wirtz, K.},
title={The effect of bathymetric modification on water age in the Elbe Estuary},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.18171/1.087109},
abstract = {The transport time of substances is a physical factor that influences the completeness of,biogeochemical  reactions  in  the  estuary.  Since  hydrodynamic  changes  induce  changes  in,transport time, river discharge and its seasonal variability strongly determine the transport,time of riverine water and its fluctuations.,A  factor  that  leads  to  a  permanent  change  in  hydrodynamics  is  man-made  bathymetric,modification. However, the impact of such modification on transport time has never been,quantified.  Here  we  show  for  the  Elbe  Estuary  (Germany),  an  example  of  a  partially  to,well-mixed alluvial estuary, that the impact of typical, decadal man-made bathymetric mod-,ification  on  the  transport  time  of  riverine  water  is  much  smaller  than  the  effect  of  the,natural variability in river discharge. In this study, we used riverine water age to determine,transport time. We found the age difference due to river discharge variation to be in the,order of days to weeks, depending on  the location within  the estuary. In contrast to the,strong influence of discharge, we found the age difference between scenarios which differ,by the effect of 40 years of man-made bathymetric modification to be in the order of hours,with a maximum of 38 hours, depending on location and discharge. Overall, riverine water,age increases by approximately 7 % in the more strongly impacted bathymetry, suggesting,that transport time is only slightly affected by the considerable depth differences of several,meters in large parts of the estuary.,With regard to the summer oxygen minimum zone, which regularly develops in the estua-,rine freshwater section, we therefore expect the physical influence of the realistic modifi-,cation via a change in transport time to be small. Nevertheless, the increase in transport,time of land-borne material potentially poses an additional stressor to the dissolved oxygen,dynamics in the estuary.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.18171/1.087109} (DOI). Holzwarth, I.; Weilbeer, H.; Wirtz, K.: The effect of bathymetric modification on water age in the Elbe Estuary. Die Küste. 2019. no. 87, 261-282. DOI: 10.18171/1.087109}}