@misc{zhang_emission_factors_2019, 
author={Zhang, F.,Chen, Y.,Cui, M.,Feng, Y.,Yang, X.,Chen, J.,Zhang, Y.,Gao, H.,Tian, C.,Matthias, V.,Liu, H.},
title={Emission factors and environmental implication of organic pollutants in PM emitted from various vessels in China},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006},
abstract = {Organic pollutants from ship exhaust have significant health and air quality impact in coastal areas; their profiles are also in urgent need. Studies on organic pollutants from ships are still rare, especially in China. Therefore, 21 PAHs and 29 n-alkanes in PM emitted from 15 ships with different types and fuels under different operating modes in China were tested in this study. The results showed that: (1) Identified organic matters accounted for 0.15%–23.3% of PM. Fuel-based emission factors (EFs) for ∑16PAHs ranged from 0.095 to 5.80 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats and heavy fuel oil (HFO) training ship had higher values compared with light diesel vessels. EFs for ∑n-alkanes ranged from 5.22 to 1589 mg (kg fuel)−1, with low-engine-power fishing boats had higher values compared with other vessels. (2) The dominant PAHs were medium molecular weight components of Pyr, Flua, Phe, and Chr. N-alkanes from C15 to C33 accounted for more than 97% of the total n-alkanes. (3) Ratios of typical PAHs and n-alkanes parameters in this study showed typical diagnostic characteristics of oil combustion source. Profiles and diagnostic characteristics of PAHs together with n-alkanes could provide a more precise source apportionment result in the future. (4) Besides, PAHs in PM emitted from ships inferred non-ignorable health influence.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006} (DOI). Zhang, F.; Chen, Y.; Cui, M.; Feng, Y.; Yang, X.; Chen, J.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, H.; Tian, C.; Matthias, V.; Liu, H.: Emission factors and environmental implication of organic pollutants in PM emitted from various vessels in China. Atmospheric Environment. 2019. vol. 200, 302-311. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2018.12.006}}