@misc{wallmeier_phenomenological_analysis_2021, 
author={Wallmeier, M.,Barbier, C.,Beckmann, F.,Brandberg, A.,Holmqvist, C.,Kulachenko, A.,Moosmann, J.,Östlund, S.,Pettersson, T.},
title={Phenomenological analysis of constrained in-plane compression of paperboard using micro-computed tomography Imaging},
year={2021},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0092},
abstract = {Large deformations under in-plane compression of paperboard appear in forming processes like hydroforming, pressforming and deep drawing, but the mechanisms of deformation have not been studied on a micromechanical level. A constrained in-plane compression test is presented. This test allows for in-plane compression, buckling, wrinkling and compaction. The constrained compression test is realized using a DEBEN CT-500 in-situ tester for laboratory microtomography and synchrotron microtomography. Experiments with five different materials spanning from laboratory handsheets to commercially available multi-layered paperboards are performed. Image processing is used to observe the local out-of-plane fiber orientation and compaction. A phenomenological investigation of the deformation behavior of these materials is presented. Delamination is found to be the primary mechanisms of failure in the multi-layered boards. Furthermore, a porous network structure, created by using long and minimally refined softwood fibers, is found to facilitate the formation of uniform wrinkles and compaction.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1515/npprj-2020-0092} (DOI). Wallmeier, M.; Barbier, C.; Beckmann, F.; Brandberg, A.; Holmqvist, C.; Kulachenko, A.; Moosmann, J.; Östlund, S.; Pettersson, T.: Phenomenological analysis of constrained in-plane compression of paperboard using micro-computed tomography Imaging. Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. 2021. vol. 36, no. 3, 491-502. DOI: 10.1515/npprj-2020-0092}}