@misc{zhang_ocean_response_2019, 
author={Zhang, H.,Liu, X.,Wu, R.,Liu, F.,Yu, L.,Shang, X.,Qi, Y.,Wang, Y.,Song, X.,Xie, X.,Yang, C.,Tian, D.,Zhang, W.},
title={Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202360},
abstract = {Tropical cyclones (TCs) are natural disasters for coastal regions. TCs with maximum wind speeds higher than 32.7 m/s in the north-western Pacific are referred to as typhoons. Typhoons Sarika and Haima successively passed our moored observation array in the northern South China Sea in 2016. Based on the satellite data, the winds (clouds and rainfall) biased to the right (left) sides of the typhoon tracks. Sarika and Haima cooled the sea surface similar to 4 and similar to 2 degrees C and increased the salinity similar to 1.2 and similar to 0.6 psu, respectively. The maximum sea surface cooling occurred nearly one day after the two typhoons. Station 2 (S2) was on left side of Sarika's track and right side of Haima's track, which is studied because its data was complete. Strong near-inertial currents from the ocean surface toward the bottom were generated at S2, with a maximum mixed-layer speed of similar to 80 cm/s. The current spectrum also shows weak signal at twice the inertial frequency (2f). Sarika deepened the mixed layer, cooled the sea surface, but warmed the subsurface by similar to 1 degrees C. Haima subsequently pushed the subsurface warming anomaly into deeper ocean, causing a temperature increase of similar to 1.8 degrees C therein. Sarika and Haima successively increased the heat content anomaly upper than 160 m at S2 to similar to 50 and similar to 100 m degrees C, respectively. Model simulation of the two typhoons shows that mixing and horizontal advection caused surface ocean cooling, mixing and downwelling caused subsurface warming, while downwelling warmed the deeper ocean. It indicates that Sarika and Haima sequentially modulated warm water into deeper ocean and influenced internal ocean heat budget. Upper ocean salinity response was similar to temperature, except that rainfall refreshed sea surface and caused a successive salinity decrease of similar to 0.03 and similar to 0.1 psu during the two typhoons, changing the positive subsurface salinity anomaly to negative},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.3390/rs11202360} (DOI). Zhang, H.; Liu, X.; Wu, R.; Liu, F.; Yu, L.; Shang, X.; Qi, Y.; Wang, Y.; Song, X.; Xie, X.; Yang, C.; Tian, D.; Zhang, W.: Ocean Response to Successive Typhoons Sarika and Haima (2016) Based on Data Acquired via Multiple Satellites and Moored Array. Remote Sensing. 2019. vol. 11, no. 20, 2360. DOI: 10.3390/rs11202360}}