@misc{brunbauer_residual_stress_2019, 
author={Brunbauer, S.,Winter, G.,Antretter, T.,Staron, P.,Ecker, W.},
title={Residual stress and microstructure evolution in steel tubes for different cooling conditions – Simulation and verification},
year={2019},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.037},
abstract = {A finite element modelling approach is applied to investigate the evolution of residual stresses, temperature and phase fraction during quenching of low-alloyed seamless steel tubes. Under real-process quenching conditions, non-continuous cooling occurs that results in a stopping and restarting transformation front throughout the tube's radial direction. It is shown that the simulated temperature history, transformation kinetics and the residual stresses from the thermo-mechanical model can be correlated with experimentally observed residual stresses and micro-hardness investigations of produced tubes. The effect of the discontinuous cooling was found to be negligible with respect to residual stresses for comparable conditions, but it can cause local self-annealing and micro-hardness drops. The combination of outer and inner cooling of the tube influences residual stress and micro-hardness distribution significantly.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.037} (DOI). Brunbauer, S.; Winter, G.; Antretter, T.; Staron, P.; Ecker, W.: Residual stress and microstructure evolution in steel tubes for different cooling conditions – Simulation and verification. Materials Science and Engineering  A. 2019. vol. 747, 73-79. DOI: 10.1016/j.msea.2019.01.037}}