@misc{freund_the_effect_2018, 
author={Freund, L.P.,Stark, A.,Kirchmayer, A.,Schell, N.,Pyczak, F.,Goeken, M.,Neumeier, S.},
title={The Effect of a Grain Boundary Pinning B2 Phase on Polycrystalline Co-Based Superalloys with Reduced Density},
year={2018},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4757-2},
abstract = {The Al/W ratio was increased in a new polycrystalline γ/γ′ Co-based superalloy in order to introduce a grain boundary pinning phase while at the same time reducing the density and increasing the oxidation resistance. The grain boundary pinning phase was identified as β-phase (B2-(Ni,Co)Al) by high-energy X-ray diffraction. The grain boundary pinning effect was confirmed to be effective up to temperatures of 1050 °C by synchrotron radiation in-situ heating experiments. The precipitation of the β phase led to a reduced γ′ volume fraction thereby decreasing the high-temperature strength. The density was lowered to 8.52 g/cm3, so the specific strength was equivalent to the strength of the reference alloy up to 750 °C. Due to the low γ′ volume fraction and the low W content, the creep resistance was also reduced compared with the reference alloy. The oxidation resistance, however, was improved by the formation of a thin, continuous Al-oxide layer during oxidation at 900 °C for 50 hours.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-018-4757-2} (DOI). Freund, L.; Stark, A.; Kirchmayer, A.; Schell, N.; Pyczak, F.; Goeken, M.; Neumeier, S.: The Effect of a Grain Boundary Pinning B2 Phase on Polycrystalline Co-Based Superalloys with Reduced Density. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions  A. 2018. vol. 49, no. 9, 4070-4078. DOI: 10.1007/s11661-018-4757-2}}