@misc{schloffer_microstructure_development_2012, 
author={Schloffer, M.,Iqbal, F.,Gabrisch, H.,Schwaighofer, E.,Schimansky, F.-P.,Mayer, S.,Stark, A.,Lippmann, T.,Goeken, M.,Pyczak, F.,Clemens, H.},
title={Microstructure development and hardness of a powder metallurgical multi phase Gamma-TiAl based alloy},
year={2012},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.11.015},
abstract = {A β-solidifying TiAl alloy with a nominal composition of Ti–43.5Al–4Nb–1Mo–0.1B (in at.%), termed TNM™ alloy, was produced by a powder metallurgical approach. After hot-isostatic pressing the microstructure is comprised of fine equiaxed γ-TiAl, α2-Ti3Al and βo-TiAl grains. By means of two-step heat-treatments different fine-grained nearly lamellar microstructures were adjusted. The evolution of the microstructure after each individual heat-treatment step was examined by light-optical, scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as by conventional X-ray and in-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction. The experimentally evaluated phase fractions as a function of temperature were compared with the results of a thermodynamical calculation using a commercial TiAl database. Nano-hardness measurements have been conducted on the three constituting phases α2, γ and βo after hot-isostatic pressing, whereas the hardness modification during heat-treatment was studied by macro-hardness measurements. A nano-hardness for the βo-phase is reported for the first time.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intermet.2011.11.015} (DOI). Schloffer, M.; Iqbal, F.; Gabrisch, H.; Schwaighofer, E.; Schimansky, F.; Mayer, S.; Stark, A.; Lippmann, T.; Goeken, M.; Pyczak, F.; Clemens, H.: Microstructure development and hardness of a powder metallurgical multi phase Gamma-TiAl based alloy. Intermetallics. 2012. vol. 22, 231-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.intermet.2011.11.015}}