@misc{zhao_trace_carbon_2015, 
author={Zhao, D., Ebel, T., Yan, M., Qian, M.},
title={Trace Carbon in Biomedical Beta-Titanium Alloys: Recent Progress},
year={2015},
howpublished = {journal article},
doi = {https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1590-6},
abstract = {Owing to their relatively low Young’s modulus, high strength, good resistance to corrosion, and excellent biocompatibility, β-titanium (Ti) alloys have shown great potential for biomedical applications. In β-Ti alloys, carbon can exist in the form of titanium carbide (TiC x ) as well as interstitial atoms. The Ti-C binary phase diagram predicts a carbon solubility value of 0.08 wt.% in β-Ti, which has been used as the carbon limit for a variety of β-Ti alloys. However, noticeable grain boundary TiC x  particles have been observed in β-Ti alloys containing impurity levels of carbon well below the predicted 0.08 wt.%. This review focuses its attention on trace carbon (≤0.08 wt.%) in biomedical β-Ti alloys containing niobium (Nb) and molybdenum (Mo), and it discusses the nature and precipitation mechanism of the TiC x  particles in these alloys.},
note = {Online available at: \url{https://doi.org/10.1007/s11837-015-1590-6} (DOI). Zhao, D.; Ebel, T.; Yan, M.; Qian, M.: Trace Carbon in Biomedical Beta-Titanium Alloys: Recent Progress. JOM: Journal of the Minerals, Metals and Materials Society. 2015. vol. 67, no. 10, 2236-2243. DOI: 10.1007/s11837-015-1590-6}}